Healing in Medicine: Norman Bethune

Healing in Medicine: Norman Bethune The True Spirit of Healing in Medicine: Norman Bethune Introduction Henry Norman Bethune was a Canadian doctor who became famous for his selfless service of people in the Second Sino-Japanese War. His service endeared him to Mao Zedong, who hailed him as a communist and supporter of the Chinese people’s efforts for liberation. Even today, Bethune’s popularity in China stands undisputed with his statues present all over the country. There is no doubt that Bethune had in him the true spirit of healing, a unique spirit, because doctors often perceive their professions as scientific pursuits or even money making endeavors. This is illustrated in the manner in which pharmaceutical companies and doctors work hand in hand to achieve profits and market prominence by selling medicines. Bethune’s dedication to his profession was illustrated in the manner in which he served in the World War I and the Spanish Civil War before his stint in the Sino-Japanese War, in spite of his open contention that wars were meant to make profits (Shepherd an d Là ©vesque 147). He was known repeatedly state that â€Å"the private economic profit† (Clarkson 40; Stewart and Stewart 317; Wilson 75) should have no place in medicine. In addition, he was also a proficient inventor, who designed and altered several surgical instruments, such as the portable blood transfusion system he developed in the Spanish Civil War (Stewart and Stewart 92, 95). Moreover, many of his inventions continue to be in use today (Stewart and Stewart 92, 95). It is also notable that while Bethune passionately and dedicatedly adhered to his professional ideals, he also had clear political ideologies. In the Spanish Civil War, he sided with the democratic republic and during the Second Sino-Japanese War, he sided with the rural population in China and accepted communism as opposed to Imperialism. However, today he is heralded in China for his communist ethoses, which were very different from the communism that was practiced in China under Mao Zedong. This pape r contends that Bethune was not simply a doctor by profession but also a healer at heart who formed political ideals according to the welfare of humanity, and thus, his image as a communist leader in and outside China might be somewhat misconstrued. Discussion Bethune’s ideology behind traveling all the way to China in 1938 and to serve the people in the Sino-Japanese War was to aid the suffering and poor people there. This was in line with his endeavors in his life thus far, that is, in World War I and the Spanish Civil War. He also carried out crisis surgical procedures on the casualties in the war as well as instituted training for medical personnel for the same (Stewart and Stewart 32). He also refused to treat the casualties by considering their race, culture, political side, or even the side in the war (Stewart and Stewart 32). Clearly, he was dedicated to the cause of serving his patients, irrespective of the social conditions. As a doctor, he treated the people who were suffering and sick. He was also believed in the communist ideologies, that is, those that had been propounded by Marx and was a member of the Canadian Communist Party (Stewart and Stewart 124). This was in spite of the fact that in those days, it was illegal to be a part of the communist party in Canada (Stewart and Stewart 124). However, this was naturally because of the conflicts between what would become the allied and axis powers in the World War II. In fact, most people in Canada associated communism with Stalinist and Nazi policies of control (Stewart and Stewart 371). Moreover, the United States’ staunch anti-communist policies must have also influenced the Canadian policies. However, in Bethune’s philosophy, the poor, proletariats, who were subjugated under capitalism or were the casualties in war, should be side he supports. Consequently, he became a part of the communist party in Canada, because he believed in Marxist philosophies, which communists promised to practice. Clearly, his political ideology was founded in his dedication to his professional and moral ideal of serving the suffering and the weak. When Mao Zedong welcomed Bethune as a communist comrade, he was impressed with Bethune’s dedication to the communist ideals. Bethune illustrated his ideals with his dedication to his profession and by serving in the frontlines in the war. As mentioned before, this was not different from the manner in which he served in World War I and the Spanish Civil War. However, Mao interpreted Bethune’s work and ideologies as his dedication to the communist cause and the cause of the people. It must be remembered that under Mao’s rule, there was no growth of the proletariats and the Chinese economy collapsed as all the contributing members to the economy, such as, doctors, owners of industries, and lawyers were banished from their jobs to serve in the rural areas. In such conditions, the overall suffering, illness, and pain experienced by the Chinese people were probably worse if not as bad as in Imperial China. Although Bethune died in China of blood poisoning, while servin g in the Second Sino-Japanese War, he was, nevertheless, unaware of the true ethos of the brand of communism that would be practiced by Mao. Considering his ideals, he would have probably never wanted to be a part of this kind of communism. Ultimately, Bethune was a man who wanted to serve the people and not simply have a political ideal, where personal and profit goals were in focus. Today, it can be said that communism and democracy have both failed in the ability to separate the profit making processes from the social serving ones. Given these facts, Bethune would have probably sought to be a part of a more humanitarian political ideology. Notably, Bethune’s legacy rests on the fact that Mao published an essay on him—In the Memory of Norman Bethune in 1939—for unselfishly serving in the Second Sino-Japanese War. This essay was considered essential reading in Chinese schools then and even today, students are required to be familiar with this essay. Indeed, the philosophy of the essay is in tune with Bethune’s philosophies. Consider the following excerpt from the essay: We Chinese Communists must also follow this line in our practice. We must unite with the proletariat of all the capitalist countries, with the proletariat of Japan, Britain, the United States, Germany, Italy and all other capitalist countries, for this is the only way to overthrow imperialism, to liberate our nation and people and to liberate the other nations and peoples of the world (Tse-tung) Clearly, Bethune would have been glad to be associated with such ideologies. He expressed his views on his profession by stating that, â€Å"medicine, as we are practising it, is a luxury trade† (Allan and Gordon 130). He further abhorred the use of monetary ends in practicing medicine and believed individualism, which is always associated with democracy and never with communism, as the reason for such a state of affairs (Allan and Gordon 130). However, Bethune died well before the Chinese Cultural Revolution of the 1960s started. This was a time when millions of Chinese died because communism had turned to totalitarianism (Yan and Gao 2). The death toll in the Chinese Cultural Revolution has not been released by the Chinese government until date (Yan and Gao 2). However, this was a time when people were ruthlessly massacred by governmental encouragement of mobs and by authorized attacks on civilian populations by military personnel (Yan and Gao 2). Moreover, the anti-democrac y stand Bethune held would have probably been shaken if he had lived to experience the shock the world felt when the truth that Hitler carried out genocides in Germany was publicly known and acknowledged after World War II. However, since he never lived to experience such events, and thoroughly believed communism to be anti-exploitation, he stood by it while practicing his medical ideologies. It can also be recalled that Bethune was virtually unknown in Canada well after he died. Canadians and the rest of the Western world did not know about him until 1952, when Ted Allan and Sydney Gordon published their book, The Scalpel, the Sword: The Story of Doctor Norman Bethune (a new version is mentioned in the works cited section of this paper). However, unfortunately, they hailed him as a communist hero in this book. However, the timing could not have been worse, because in this Cold War era, anti-communist feelings thrived in Canada (Stewart and Stewart 327). Thus, Bethune’s contributions to science and his altruism were well forgotten until much later. Only in the past few decades, especially since China has cautiously opened its doors to the western world for trade has Bethune’s abilities and work been acknowledged. Today it is known that Bethune was among the original advocates of socialized medicine, which is in high demand in Canada and in the rest of wester n world—the Obamacare policies next door are perhaps the best examples of this. Bethune also formed the Montreal Group for the Security of People’s Health (Stewart and Stewart 371), which established the need for socialized medicine. Bethune has also visited the Soviet Union to understand and learn about socialized medicine (Stewart and Stewart 122). Such endeavors eased his way into the political ideology that was communism and thus, he became a part of the Communist Party of Canada. In the most unbeknownst manner, he became a part of a political thought that defied the altruism fundamental to his ideologies. Conclusion This paper illustrated the manner in which Bethune contributed toward the development of medicine and struggled to treat the injured and the sick as a doctor. Undeniably, he endeavoured to achieve his professional idealism through his research and treatment as in shown by his inventions. Similarly, as became aware of the social and economic characteristics of disease, he adopted a political thought that he believed cared for the proletariats and the suffering as he did. However, he was not well informed about the nature of such communism or even to of democracy. As time showed, both were capable of exploitation, and in fact, communism enabled totalitarianism—a concept that Bethune would have definitely abhorred considering his ideologies. It can be thus concluded from the facts presented in this paper that Bethune was indeed a dedicated doctor, who truly adhered by the Hippocratic Oath as well as formed political ideals keeping the welfare of humanity in mind. However, his ima ge as a communist leader in and outside China has been misconstrued over the years, since he died well before the harms of communism were experienced by the world. Work Cited Allan, Ted and Sydney Gordon. The Story of Doctor Norman Bethune. Dundurn Press: Dundurn. 2009. Print. Clarkson, Adrienne. Extraordinary Canadians: Norman Bethune. Toronto: Penguin Canada. 2009. Print. Stewart, Roderick and Stewart, Sharon. Phoenix: The Life of Norman Bethune. Toronto: McGill-Queen’s Press . Shephard, David A. E, and AndreÃÅ' e LeÃÅ' vesque. Norman Bethune: His Times and His Legacy. Ottawa, Ontario: Published by the Canadian Public Health Association, 1982. Print. Tse-tung, Mao. In Memory of Norman Bethune. 1939. Web. Accessed on April 15, 2015 from https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_25.htm. Wilson, John. Norman Bethune. Dundurn: Dundurn Press. 1999. Print. Yan, Jiaqi, and Gao Gao. Turbulent Decade: A History of the Cultural Revolution. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Press, 1996. Print.

Instrumentation Project :: Papers

Instrumentation Project The aim of this experiment was to calibrate a thermistor and having done this, to estimate my body temperature. [IMAGE]This is a diagram to show the circuit that we created in order to complete the aim. The thermistor that I used was a positive coefficient thermistor, meaning that the resistance increases as the temperature increases, this then leads to an increase in voltage. This circuit has created a potential divider. Two resistors in series divide the voltage across a circuit and form a potential divider. The output voltage is proportional to the input voltage, which is determined by the resistance. This is because of the following equation: V out = Vs x R1 (R1 + R2) This can be shown in the following examples, where the voltage supply is 5V and the fixed resistor (R2) is 100 ohms, R1 varies. In the first instance, it is 70 Ohms and in the second example R1 is 80 Ohms: 1) V out = 5 x 70 = 5 x 70 = 2.055 2) V out = 70 + 100 170 2) V out = 5 x 80 = 5 x 80 = 2.22 80 + 100 180 As you can see from these examples, the voltage has increased with an increase in resistance because the fractions were getting larger each time. The values that I used were realistic ones that appeared during my experiment. A resistor of 100 Ohms was one of the three that I chose to use and 70 Ohms was around the resistance of the thermistor at room temperature. When performing this experiment, I chose to put the voltmeter across the thermistor because it would give me an increasing voltage with an increasing temperature. If I had put the voltmeter across the fixed resistor, an inverse relationship would have been formed, which would have made analysis of data and finding my body temperature difficult. I also chose to use three different resistances on the sub box, which were 47, 100 and 200 Ohms.

Warid.Ppt

Marketing Plan WARID TELECOM’S BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPANSION IN PAKISTAN SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR AHMAD QAMAR BY: 1. MOHAY-UD-DIN RUBBANI 2. MALIK WAHEED ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All glory and honor is for Allah, the Supreme Being who bestowed profound perseverance and ability on us to accomplish this work. We express our profound and cordial gratitude to offer thanks to our learned, kind and experienced teacher, Mr. Ahmad Qamar for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement through out the research. Grateful acknowledgement is due to Mr. Naveed Saeed GM Sales & Marketing & Miss Rubab of Warid Telecom for allowing us to carry out our research for the completion of this project. ? Special & Grateful acknowledgement goes to our parents who enable us to perform such activities. Table of contents 1. Executive summary 2. Warid Telecom †¢? An Introduction 3. Marketing Environment †¢? Competition †¢? Technology †¢? Financial †¢? Social & Demographic trends †¢? Legal 4. Target Market †¢? Consumer or Industrial †¢? Buying Characteristics †¢? Market Potential 5. Product Positioning 6. Product †¢? Stage of PLC †¢? Classification †¢? Core/Augmented product †¢? Packaging and Labeling †¢? Warranties and Services 7. Distribution †¢? Market Coverage †¢? Channel Structure †¢? Logistics/Physical Distribution 8. Pricing †¢? Mark-ups †¢? Discount/Allowance †¢? Pricing Strategies 9. Promotion †¢? Advertisement †¢? Role of Personal Selling †¢? Publicity and Public Relations †¢? Sales/Trade Promotion 10. Ethical issues associated with this product 11. International marketing activities/opportunities 12. Bibliography ? Executive Summary This report is based on WARID TELECOM which is a GSM service provider in Pakistan by Abu Dhabi Group. ne of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. Its services are admired by its ultimate customers in telecom as well as in banking field. ? This report is made by visiting different stores for the purpose of collecting the information about different aspects of the product i. e. , environmental factors, marketing mix, segmentation, positioning, distribution, pricing strategies, ethical issues, international marketing strategies and comments of the group about this product. WARID TELECOM: AN INTRODUCTION: Warid is an Arabic word meaning an Oasis in the middle of a desert. It is pronounced as Waa-rid. The meaning of our name directly depicts our dominant position and our refreshing services in the vast desert of telecommunication in Pakistan. Browse through our Portal to find out more about what Warid Telecom is all about, and become part of the true quality experience that we offer you. Warid Telecom has implemented a new and modern corporate identity as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the telecom industry in Pakistan. With a reflection of a new strategy, our aim is to be perceived not only as a telecommunication operator of voice services, but also as a universal provider of comprehensive communications services for both residential and business customers. Warid's corporate identity seeks to reflect the changes in telecom sector in relation to helping customers keep pace with rapidly changing technology in the field of communication, and to harmonize the customers' perception of our brand with the quality and range of our services. Our objective is to provide optimum level of support and care through our highly skilled and motivated team of professionals and through maximum network coverage and clear connectivity that we have committed to provide. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In present environment, Pakistan has gained growth rate of 18. 6% with 18,400,233 subscribers in mobile communication with in 05 years from 2000 to 2005 ? ? COMPETITION: Competition is there, mainly 06 companies are providing there cellular services in Pakistan (close competitors to one and other) 1. Warid 2. U-fone 3. Mobilink . Telenor 5. Paktel 6. Instaphone ? Following Table shows the Subscription Rate, which, help us to measure the clientele of these companies and their success with the pace of time ? SUBSCRIBERS: ? ?MobilinkUfonePaktelInstsphoneTelenorWaridTotalGrowth Rate 2000114,272 80,221112,000 306,49315. 39 2001309,272116,71196,623220,000 742,606142. 29 2002800,000 350,000218,536330,000 1,698,536128. 73 20031,115,000 550,000319,400 420 ,000 2,404,40041. 56 20043,215,989801,160470,021535,738 5,022,908108. 90 20057,469,0852,579,103924,486454,147835,727508,65512,771,203154. 6 Jul-05 14,119,25710. 56 Aug -05 15,511,0459. 7 Sept-059,010,8503,830,527954,528440,1591,200,9081,509,11116,946,0839. 2 Oct-05 18,400,23318. 6 (1) TECHNOLOGY: Warid is using â€Å"Ericsson† technology to provide telecom services in Pakistan. The basic features of its technology are: Billing: With Warid’s very simple billing procedures it makes sure that one is kept up-to-date with all the math that they do at their end. Warid offers one transparent billing and no nasty surprises. Its bill contains information like †¢? Warid to Warid call ? Local Calls to Other Operators †¢? International calls †¢? Local SMS with mobile no. and locality †¢? Incoming Calls †¢? Non charge able calls like emergency nos. & others †¢? Incoming SMS †¢? Warid information services SIM: Warid is currently providing SIM of 64 K (64 kilo byte) Warid’s comparison with others networks is given below; Mobile Service Provider: Technology: Frequency: Sim: Warid Ericson 900-1800MHZ 64K U-fone Huawei 900-1800MHZ 16-32K Mobilink Orascom 900-1800MHZ 08-16-32K Telenor Nokia Siemens 900-1800MHZ 32K Paktel N/A 900-1800MHZ 32K Instaphone Analog Service AMPS †¢ (2) FINANCIAL: Warid Telecom takes pride in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Group's major investments are in the following sector: 1. Oil and Gas Exploration, 2. Banking and financial Services 3. Automobile Industry, 4. Hospitality Services . Property Development, 6. Telecommunications Associated companies: Bank Alfalah Limited: Fully licensed commercial bank in Pakistan with over 70 branches in all the major financial centers of the country United Bank Limited: A leading commercial bank in Pakistan with a vast branch network of approximately 1,100 branches including 23 international branches, affiliates and representative offices in UAE, Bahrain, Qa tar, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Switzerland, UK and USA Alfalah Exchange Company: Fully licensed exchange company in Abu Dhabi ? Iranian Sanden Industries PJS Co: A joint venture with Sanden Singapore to manufacture car air conditioners in Iran. The project has the capacity to produce up to 300,000 air conditioning units per annum J. C. Maclean and Co †¢? Manufacturers of high quality furniture †¢? Neo Pharma LLC †¢? Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products National Telesystems and Services (NTS) A joint Venture with Bin Jaber Group Ltd. and Thales International Middle East Holding S. A. L. Al Jazira Management Mall Management joint venture Abu Dhabi Vegetable Oil Company Manufacturer of edible oils Nama Development Enterprises Representation of leading companies in the UAE in the field of oil and gas, engineering, equipment suppliers, consultants, etc Wholly Owned Properties and Companies Le Royal Meridien Hotel, Abu Dhabi Previously known as the Abu Dhabi Grand Hotel, was re-branded in 2003 as Le Royal Meridien Hotel. It is a 5-star Hotel in the heart of Abu Dhabi. It will soon be offering 300 deluxe rooms and suites and other facilities Dhabi Contracting A special category construction company Dhabi Drilling Offshore Rig operations in collaboration with Sedco Forex Al Ain Palace Hotel A 4-star hotel in Abu Dhabi Dhabi Enterprises Leasing Leasing a number of groups and real estate properties across Abu Dhabi SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: While looking at social needs of a family and having an eye on economy (as two to three and plus members of a family are using Hand-held phone) Warid has launched a family package named â€Å" FRIENDS AND FAMILY† ? ? ? ? FRIENDS AND FAMILY: Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post-Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. Demographically Warid has launched prepaid connections according to the ncome level market. Warid’s post-paid connections are meant for low-income level, young stars and young executives like its SILVE & GOLD packages. POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR LOW-INCOME LEVEL Package: Silver, Gold, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, ? ? ? ? POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR MIDDLE & HIGH INCOME-LEVEL Package: Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 5, 10, ? FOR LOW-LOWER INCOME-LEVEL For lower-lower income level Warid has launched its pre-paid connection i. e. ZEM. ? Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 0 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales LEGAL: According to Warid legally environment is fully protected TARGET MARKET: According to one of the representatives of Warid that Warid has divided its target market in to categories of A+, A-, B+, B-, C, D, E and F CATEGORIES: CHARACTERISTICS: A+ & A- Age group of 28 to 32, 40+ and of upper-income level (Urban) B+ & B - Age group of 22 to 27 and of lower-upper-income level (Urban) C Age group of 18 to 21 young stars (CORE TARGET) (Urban) D Age group of 13 to 17 and low lower income level all Ages(Urban) E & Users of Semi-urban areas (Has planned to launch) F Users of Rural Areas (Has planned to launch) ? ? Consumer or Industrial Warid is providing their packages at both levels. Consumer level is provided in this report, while, industrial level has variable domain, settled according to no. of connections and on the nature of packages according to line rents e. t. c. Buying Characteristics Warid is very much selective and stresses on value added purchases Market Potential Currently market is on SATURATION POINT as for Urban areas concern and as for as Rural Areas concern there is great POTENTIAL. Warid is going to launch its products in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas Product Positioning As Warid is new in the market of Pakistan and is still trying to make its position in the mind of customer better than existing big giant Mobilink. Although Warid is new in market but it has acquired a good position as for as Zero line rent post-paid connections and low rate pre-paid connections. In my point of view, as Warid launched its products in Pakistan with a MARKET PUSHER STRATEGY, while providing low rates, not only it has made its position better but also made other networks to reduce their prices. According to BCG matrix Warid falls under STARS, which shows its low market share and high growth rate. BCG model is given below, ? ? Product In market there are two basic categories of its product brands, which are ZAHI and ZEM. Zahi is meant for Post-Paid and Zem for Pre-Paid, their features and tariffs are given below. ZAHI Zahi is a Post-Paid brand with different packages, which are; †¢? Diamond †¢? Platinum †¢? Gold †¢? Silver ? ZAHI TARIFF: With Warid's unique billing system, one only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Package: Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 0, ` 150, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 501. 251. 000. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)2. 001. 751. 500. 50 Off-net (National)3. 002. 752. 502. 00 International (Zone 1)9. 008. 007. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)18. 0017. 0016. 0015. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 001. 000. 750. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)1. 501. 501. 250. 50 Off-net (National)2. 752. 502. 252. 00 International (Zone 1)8. 007. 006. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)17. 0016. 0015. 0015. 00 Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Short Messaging Service (SMS) On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50 Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00 International SMSRs. 5. 00 VAS (Rs. 3. per transaction) Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb Picture Messagingper 100 Kb Warid Zone Content Downloadper 100 Kb ? ? ? ? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sendi ng Notes All calls will be billed on a 30 second basis, except Off-net calls on other cellular operators, which will be billed on a per minute basis. Security Deposits will be as follows: Security Deposits NationalRs. 1,000 InternationalRs. 5,000 International RoamingRs. 20,000 The National security deposit will not apply to Diamond package, i. e. minimum security deposit will be Rs. 5,000. All free minutes and SMS are subject to taxes, however, no tax is leviable if they are marketed as bundled with line rent. Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. †¢ ZAHI FEATURES: Basic Services: Caller Line Identification (CLI): This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call: With Conference Call, you can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold: Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert: Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS): With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services: Voice Mail: Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS): With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet): Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM: Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone: The to the st ate-of-the-art SIM technology, one’s Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. ZEM Zem is Pre-Paid brand for low-lower class Zem Tariff Want a worthwhile Prepaid Package? With Warid's unique billing system, you only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Click here to compare our pre-paid tariffs with other cellular operators. Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 50 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid) 2. 00 Off-net (National) 3. 00 International (Zone 1) 9. 00 International (Zone 2) 18. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 00 On-net (Warid to Warid) 1. 50 Off-net (National) 2. 75 International (Zone 1) 8. 00 International (Zone 2) 17. 00 Scratch Cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 00, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 All scratch cards valid till 12 months Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Note: All charges are exclusive of Government taxes and levies such as sales tax at 15% and advance withholding tax at 10%. ?Short Messaging Service (SMS)? ?On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50? ?Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00? ?International SMSRs. 5. 00? ?VAS (Rs. 3. 0 0 per transaction) ? ?Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb? ?Picture Messaging & MMSper 100 Kb? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending ? ? ? ? Zem features: Basic Services Caller Line Identification (CLI) This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call With Conference Call, one can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services Voice Mail Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. , you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone The to the state-of-the-art SIM technology, your Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. Zem Scratch Cards: What is a scratch card? As the name suggests it, a scratch card is a medium of recharging your account by acquiring a 16-digit code and inputing in your mobile phone for activation of that code. Our scratch card is a recharge coupon which has a holographic scratch field. This silver panel needs to be scratched off before any usage. Denominations The scratch cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 100, 250, 500, 1000 ? ? ? Stage of PLC In the product life cycle stage Warid is new entry in market; after launching its products in Pakistan on 23rd may 2005 it is in introductory stage that can be best understood through graph, ? (5) Classification Basic classification is done on the basis of Post-Paid & Pre-Paid as per market and other Services/Features are provided in them. ? Core/Augmented product Customers are the most important element in any organization. Warid distinguishes them as our biggest assets, and we strive for excellence by listening to their needs. We work with our customers to gain an understanding of their business, their goals and their objectives, to ensure that they receive the best possible service and the right solutions to meet their demands. We seek to be trendsetters in customer service, with our ‘one stop' concept for all your telecom requirements. This will be achieved with the provision of a one window operation for on-the-spot issue resolution and one stop service. We have the maximum number of Sales and Customer Service Centers countrywide, with two state-of-the-art Contact Centers of international standards, equipped with cutting edge technologies to ensure real-time online services. Our highly trained and well-groomed team of Customer Service Executives are on hand 24 hours to provide support. We have established Corporate Lounges, with a customer-friendly environment to provide personalized care to our esteemed corporate clients. Furthermore, an extensive network of franchises, kiosks and mobile units ensure easy and convenient accessibility. Core/Augmented product of Warid is VALUE ADDED SERVICES as discussed above. Warranties and Services No sort of warranty is provided by Warid after sale but it does provide services to all the customers with it’s franchises and customer services. Warid has its network through out the cities in which it provides its services. Its network of franchises and customer service centers is discussed in next topic. Distribution Warid has PERSONAL BASE CENTERS. The description of personal base centers is given below, Franchises Warid Telecom is constantly establishing dedicated company owned sales and service centers in all the major cities and towns of Pakistan. Following is a list of the cities and the addresses of all our established franchises with our presence. ? CityAddress Lahore8 Ground Floor, Eden Centre, 43/A Jail Road, Lahore 10-A and 10 B UGF Century Towers, Lahore 25-Hunza Block Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore 7 Ground Floor Center Point main Boulevard, Gulberg Lahore 153 GT Road, Near Land Mark School, Lahore 42 Commercial Building, Jeweller Market Old Anarkali, Shahrah-e-Quaid Azam Lahore Digi Mart Sharif Chamber Ground Floor 68 Mazang Road Lhr. Opp. Micro Factory, Near PSO Petrol Pump, Main Peco Road, Lahore 39- Wahdat Road Office No. 103/10 Allama Iqbal Road, Gari Shau 34-G. T Road Shahdra 25-Empress Road, Lahore Main Boulevard Gulshan Ravi Near Zakoota Plaza, Lahore 367-E, Opposite Royal Arcade, Chungi Amer Sadhu, Main Feroze Pur Road, Lahore. Shop no 24 bagh ali road , girja chowk Lahore 7-Data Darbar, Near Palace Hotel Shell Pump Chowk Tajpura, Shadbagh, Lahore 14-A, Asif Chamber, Davis Road. Lahore 38-H Commercial LCCHS, DHA, Lahore. Shop#3, Ground Floor, M bhatti Building # E84, Main Boulevard Defence Lahore 229 Ravi Road Lahore 0-B, Shalimar Link Road, Opp Total Petrol Pump 89-A Bilal Center, Temple Road, Lahore. 2 Mcleod Road 33 Ferozepur Road 1003-Tufail Road Sadar Saraiy Rattan chind Main Bansawala Bazar, Shahalam Chowk, Lahore 946/B, Faisal Town, Maulana Shaukat Road, Lahore 35/B, Model Town Link Road E-22/29 Shaheen colony, Main walton Road 17-Commercial Area, Chouburji Chowk, Lahore. Shop No 1& 2, Raiwind Road, Near Hyundai Motors, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 17 Ghazali Road, 2nd round about. Samanabad. Lahore 17-18 Agro Squre Main Shadman Market, Shadman Lahore Civic Center Garden Town Lahore 3/NIL/B-2, College Road, Town Ship, Lahore Opp. Bagh Rahmat Trust, New Airport Road. Bhatta Chowk, Lahore 1- B, Model Town, Lahore H # 4, Jail Road, Gulberg 5 SheikhupuraBank Alfalah Lahore Sargodha Road Sheikhupura KasurChowk Masjid Noor, Kasur IslamabadShop # 5, Block 12-C, Jinnah Super, Islamabad Shop # 6, Al Malik Center, Jinnah Ave, Blue Area, Islamabad Shop # 1, Shalimar Plaza, F-10 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 78, Executive Centre, I-8 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 2, Ground Floor, Shahbaz Plaza, G-6/1, Abpara, Islamabad Shop # 1, Ground Floor, Hassan Arcade, F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Shop # 7, Al-Baber Center, Markaz F-8, Islamabad Shop No 4 Nauman Plaza I-10 Markaz Isb Office # 8, Londen shoppingcentre, G-9 murkaz TaxilaShop#1 ,haider plaza faisal shaheed road taxila RawalpindiD- 109, Main 6th Road, Sattelite Town, Rawalpindi Next to Al-Bilal Plaza, Chandini Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi Niazi Plaza Opposite Unique Bakers, Bank Road, Sadar, Rawalpindi Shop No-247-A (5 & 6) Dhamyal Road, Kalama Chowk, Kamalabad, Rawalpindi Property # 100, Near Shell Petrol Pump, Adayala Road, Rawalpindi Commercial Market Road, Opposite Bank Of Punjab. Choor Chook Main Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi Shop No. 11,212,213, Jamia Mujid Road Bunni. Office # 131,132,Ground Floor, Liaqat Road, Rawalpindi. Wah CanttB-1 Basti La La Rukh Wah Cantt AttockShop 16 Block B Civil Bazar Attock Ground Floor Main Double Road Attock AbbotabadGround Floor Gohar Arcade Supply Mnashera Road. Abbotabad Opp. Burnal College Ali Plaza Jandian Road Abbotabad PeshawarBurjaman Center Near KFC University Road Peshawar Shop 4,5,6 Aukaf Plaza YakaToot Road Peshawa r Haleem Tower Main GT Road Peshawar 24 The Mall Peshawar Cantt Ground Floor Mian Duble Road Hayataba Chowk Peshawar Tariq Sultan & co,Warid Franchise,Opp. LR Hospital, Kabli Road, Peshawer NowsheraShop 6 Army Welfare Shops Nowshera Cantt PubbiGround Floor Main Double Road Pubbi D. I. KhanMian Circular Road Near State Life Building D. I. Khan Shop 17 & 18 Aman Ullah Shopping center Double Road D. I. Khan FaisalabadAdjacent to Rayz hotel,Kotwali road, . Faisalabad Opp. To National Bank, Main SamonabadRoad, Faisalabad Old service shop, adjecent tochief boot house, katchery bazar, Faisalabad P-19/C, Main Susan Rd 213, Adjacent to Global Medical Center, Madina Town. Faisalabad Ajmal Arcade, 1st Floor, Main Rd, Betala Colony. Faisalabad Awan Plaza, Bole Di Jughi, Sargodha Rd. Faisalabad Raffaqat Plaza, Peoples Colony#1, Tanki Rd. Faisalabad Adjacent to Shaukat Khanum Lab, Main Gulberg Rd. Faisalabad Near Bata Shop, Millat Rd, Gulistan Colony#1. Faisalabad Main sadar bazar, near Aminia beakers, Gulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad. 9- Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Sahiwal275 B-1, High Street Sahiwal OkaraAhmed Telecom, Church Road, Okara SargodhaOpp. Sadique Hospital, Main Bazar Sattelite Town, Sargodha 331-C, Civil Lines, University Rd, Opp DIG House. Sargodha 1 Joiya Market, Block 8, City Rd. Sargodha GujranwalaRahwali Chowk near sugar mill,G. T. Road Rahwali Granton hotel,G. T Road, Gujranwala Ali market,bairoon khiali darwaza,hafizabad rd,Gujranwala 64-D Jinnah Statdium,Gujranwala. Model Town Market, near Yummy 36,Gujranwala Old City centre G. T Road Near Pakistan Electronics,Gujranwala PO Jalil town,Qilla Chan G. T. Road,Gujranwala Satellite Town market. beside Rex dry cleaners,Gujranwala SialkotOpp. Liberty Market, Aziz Shaheed Road,Cantt Sialkot Paris rd. near Telephone Exchange,Sialkot Abbot Road,Near KASB Bank, Sialkot Lahore Marketing,Near Sony Square, Sony Building, Alam Chowk, Sialkot. Old National Bank building , opposite Gulistan Cinema, Kashmir Road , Sialkot GujratShop #1,2 & 8. Block †C† Naseem Plaza Budkey wala Chowk Rehman Shaheed Road Gujrat opp P. S. O Petrol Pump Bus Stand ram Talai Road Mashallah Plaza,Fawara chowk, Gujrat Ajmal Traders, B 1/169, Opposite Mirza Akram Hospital, Court Road Gujrat JhelumAkram Shaheed Park, Shandar Chowk, Jhelum GTS Chowk Near DHL Office, Jehlum Sara-i-AlamgirG. T Road Sarai Alamgir HafizabadGujranwala Road Hafizabad Mandi BahauddinJalal sevices punjab online Rafique Chowk Mandi Bahauddin Ammar Telecom, Opp. NBD Bank Kechehry Road Mandi Bahudin KarachiKhayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 7, Rex Centre, Zaib-un-Nisa Street 9/1, 8th Commercial Street, Ph. IV, DHA Firdous Market, Firdous Colony, Rizvia Chowrangi Shop # 1,Minhas Electronics, I. I. Chundrigar Road Sober Center, Adamjee Nagar, Block B, Ghazi Salahuddin Road, Main Dhoerajee, CP Barrar Society Imperial Court, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 1, Building 8-D, Stadium Commercial Lane # 3, Phase 5, DHA Shop # FL-10/3, Block 5, Gulshan -e-Iqbal, Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 38/39, GF, Hashoo Terrace, Fl # 7 , Block 5, Clifton B 25, SMCHS, Shahra-e-Faisal Shop # 12, UBL Building, Gurumandir B 253, Block L, N. Nazimabad Shop # 1&2, Shah Faisal plaza North nazimabad Block B SC14/1, Sector 11/H, North 11th Commercial Street, Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 1-2, Plot # 5E, 8th Zam Zama Commercial Lane, Phase V, DHA Shop # 4-5, Falak Naz Arcade, Shahr-e-Faisal Shop # 29, Hassan ali centre, M. A jinnah road Karimabad, near Mina Bazar, Federal B Area Opp. English biscuits Factory, KIA Plot # 185, Sector 11-L, Main ZMC Road, Orangi Town Abul Hasan Isphahani Road, near IBA Gate University of Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot # H 6/1 Showroom # 1, Main National Highway, Quidabad Lahandi Shop # 3-19, DMCHS, near Gahni Sons, Tariq Road 1-D, Main Sunset Boulevard, Phase 2, Defence Shop #23, RusiLake Drive,Block 18, Gulistan Johar Shop # C-2/3, Al Hassan Plaza, Block # 13-A. Gulistan Iqbal QuettaMetha Mehal Street Shop # 11, Gulistan Road, Opp. IG Office Main Jinnah Road, Idara-e-Saqafat Satellite Town, near Jillani Hospital HyderabadShop # 1, Safia High School, Saddar Cantt, Opp. Faran Hotel Shop # 14-25, Ward of Gul Center, Thandi Sadak Shop # 14, American Centre Tilak, Chari Road SukkerApwa Shopping Centre, near Dolphin Bakers, Main Queens Road Shop # 4-5, Sidra Terrace, Minara Road MultanShop # 13-14-15, Areej Commercial Centre, Old Ttehsil Chowk, Gulgasht Colony Bosan Road Shop # 1, Makkah Arcade, Near PTCL Exchange, LMQ Road, Dera Adda House # 1879-F/1, Khanewal Road Shop # 2-3-91, United Square, Nusrat Road, SP Chowk. Multan Cantt Shop # 36, Rahma Commercial Centre, Kutcheri Road BahawalpurCircular Road Near Fawara Chowk MuzzafargarhOpp. Fiaz Park, near National Bank Rahim Yar Khan28 model town, Adjacent Daewoo Booking Office ? ? ? Market Coverage Warid has covered 9. 782 % of total market share Warid’ s connections 1,800,000 Total Mobile users 18,400,233 Warid’s share 9. 782485 % (According to graph of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority given on pg. no. 07) ? ? Channel Structure Warid is having its Main/Head office in EFU House Building Lahore, with its Business Centre in Lahore Center Plaza on main boulevard Lahore. Warid has its basic distribution centers in all 28 cities of Pakistan as discussed above. Logistics/Physical Distribution Warid is manufacturing its products i. e. SIM outside the country with its central warehouse in Lahore and 03 regional warehouses in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Pricing Pricing is simple and is provided above with tariff of Zahi and Zem. Additionally, Warid comprises no hidden charges. Mark-ups Mark-up is kept confidential and no information provided by them. ? Discount/Allowance Discount and allowances are provided only on corporate level. Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies is kept confidential and no information provided by them. Promotion Warid is promoting its trough all the means available. ? Advertisement Warid is using both, ATL (Above The Line) and BTL (Below The Line) advertisement for its products. Role of Personal Selling Role of personal selling is used by Warid through †¢? Interaction †¢? Events †¢? Shopping Centers Activities Publicity and Public Relations Warid is keeping public relationing and publicity in mind and doing great work on it, it has helped by 120 Million Rs. Relief fund in earth quick disaster. Sales/Trade Promotion Warid is doing Sales/Trade Promotions but kept confidential. Ethical issues associated with this product Warid is care full about ethical issues associated with its products but does not open them as per strict confidentially concern. International marketing activities/opportunities Warid is on availing international market and opportunities and hence it is launching its services in †¢? Bangladesh †¢? Afghanistan †¢? Sri Lanka ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY ? (1): (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ? www. pta. gov. pk ) (2): (Source: Calls to Service Centers of respective networks Warid: 111-111-321 U-fone: 111 -333-100 Mobilink: 111-300-500 Telenor: 111-345-100 Paktel: 111-222-111 Instaphone: 111-500-500) (3): www. quickmba. com (4): www. waridtel. cpm. pk

The Plot in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Essay

Plot, characterization, and dialogue are the elements of drama that I’ve chosen to analyze for Death of a Salesmen. Willy seems to be in conflict with himself and everyone else in his life. Conflict is what drives the plot and will be the main element of drama that’s analyzed in this essay. In Death of a Salesman Willy is the protagonist and his son Biff is the antagonist, he provokes Willy’s anger by not holding a steady job and measuring up to what his father feels he should be. The plot in Death of a Salesman is dialogue driven and the theme of the play is the death of Willy’s career and his inability to become successful in life. He also has hopes of Biff doing something more with his life other than working as a farmhand. Death†¦show more content†¦Corrupted or brainwashed by the system, Willy is blind to its destructiveness and is obsessed by his plans for Biff. Biff, however, has begun to rebel against his father’s ideas and to feel his way towards different standards, meaning those that Miller associates with the socialist society. Unlike his brother Happy, he has â€Å"allowed himself to turn his face toward defeat† (Charters and Charters 1692). When Biff was younger it seems as though he and Willy were close. During one of Willy’s hallucinations from the past when Biff and Happy were kids, Biff says to Willy, â€Å"Where’d you go this time, Dad? Gee we were lonesome for you. Missed you every minute. Gee, I’d love to go with you sometime, Dad.† (Miller 30-31) This shows happier times between Willy and Biff. Throughout the play there seems to be resentment on Biff’s end. The reason for this isn’t revealed until later on in the play. When Willy goes to pay his neighbor and only friend Charley a visit it is revealed why Biff feels the way he does for his father. During a conversation with Charley’s son Bernard and Biff’s childhood friend Willy states nothing good ever happened to Biff from the age of seventeen. Bernard tells Willy all Biff had to do was go to summer school to make up math and asks him if he told Biff not to go. Willy says, â€Å"Me? I begged him to go. I ordered him to go!† Bernard asks, â€Å"Then why didn’t heShow MoreRelatedArthur Miller Criticism913 Words   |  4 Pages Arthur Miller is a highly distinguished author. He is considered by many to be one of Americas greatest writers. As distinguished a writer he is, Miller deserves to be selected for a spot in the prestigious American Author Hall of Fame. His works meet the criteria for the American Authors Hall of Fame since they have themes important to society, are unique, and have universal appeal . Arthur Millers works meet the American Author Hall of Fames first criteria by dealing with themes highly importantRead MoreAnalysis Of Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1270 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller 1245 Words 5 Pages Death of A Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, is a play based on the turmoil within an average American family. Miller wrote Death of A Salesman easily showcasing the elements of drama. I was easily able to follow the plot, identify with his characters, and picture the setting. The main theme of the plot seemed to be Willy reaching for the American Dream. Financial success, business success, outwardly perfect family, revered by your peersRead MoreA Survey of Tragedy984 Words   |  4 Pagesproviding, a realistic plot in which the audience can relate to, the tragedy should seem both feasible and familiar. With a protagonist who is intelligent and good, the audience cannot help themselves feel emotions, such as pity or fear as the plot evolves. The expressive language chosen by the playwright is the vessel used to motivate that emotion. While much of what â€Å"Poetics† outlines may not apply to modern day tragedy, Aristotle’s fundamentals, which influence the characters, plot and language, haveRead More Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pages Death of A Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, is a play based on the turmoil within an average American family. Miller wrote Death of A Salesman easily showcasi ng the elements of drama. I was easily able to follow the plot, identify with his characters, and picture the setting. The main theme of the plot seemed to be Willy reaching for the American Dream. Financial success, business success, outwardly perfect family, revered by your peers, and in general respected by all. EarlyRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with another woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get theRead MoreQuest For Literary Form : The Greeks Believed That The Tragedy1742 Words   |  7 Pagescontains six features according to Aristotle. These are; characters, diction, plot, thought, spectacle and song. Many poetics in their inquiry dedicate in the scope and correct use of these features with explanatory examples drawn from tragic plays like Sophocles’ dramas. (Kennedy Gioia, Pp. 1203) Character is essential in a tragedy, for every character has important value that is only exposed in the plot. (Kennedy Gioia, Pp. 1204) The moral aim of every character should be clearRead More Common Man as Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Man as Tragic Hero in Death of a Salesman What is tragedy? While the literal definition may have changed over the centuries, one man believed he knew the true meaning of a tragic performance. Aristotle belonged to the culture that first invented tragic drama – the ancient Greeks. Through this, he gave himself credibility enough to illustrate the universally necessary elements of tragic drama. In The Poetics, Aristotle gives a clear definition of a tragedy, writing that it is â€Å"an imitationRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Literary Analysis768 Words   |  4 PagesFormal Essay 2: Drama Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman is based in post-World War II America where a man named Willy Loman has the hopes and dreams of becoming a well-esteemed, successful salesman. However, throughout the play, it becomes evident his pride and delusion interfere with this dream and having the model family. The playwright uses symbolism and several forms of irony throughout the play to deepen the plot and intensify the conflict, as well as further illustrate the characters. ThroughoutRead MoreWilly Loman And The American Dream Analysis1075 Words   |  5 PagesDream In Arthur Miller’s play, Death of a Salesman, Willy Lomans pursuit of the American Dream is characterized by his selfishness, demonstrating how the American Dream can subtly turn into the American Nightmare. However, Willy’s role is quite important because he often led to failure through the creation of the American Dream and the real world. To fully understand the storyline of Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman, one must evaluate each member of the Loman family. The death of Willy LomanRead MoreArthur Miller s Death Of A Salesman Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagescharacter with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Irving 247). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the ma in character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and the